References

Lavatubes of the Mount St. Helens Region

Geology of Lavatubes

Geology of Lavatubes: Instant caves from liquid rock.

Biology of Lavatubes

Biology of Lavatubes: The Rock Eaters and other Extremophiles.

The Caves of Mars

Extraterrestrial Caves: The ET Underground and the search for life.

Extraterrestrial Lavatubes
"Pele Base" hypothetical Martian lavatube habitat. Illustration by G. Frederick

References

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Boston, P.J. 2000. Bubbles in the rocks: Natural and artificial caves and cavities as life support structures. In, R.M. Wheeler and C. Martin- Brennan, eds., Mars Greenhouses: Concepts and Challenges: Proceedings from a 1999 Workshop. NASA Tech. Mem 2000-208577. Kennedy Space Center, FL. Pp. 9-17.

Boston, P.J. 2004. Extraterrestrial Caves. Encyclopedia of Cave and Karst Science. Fitzroy-Dearborn Publishers, Ltd., London, UK. Pp. 355-358.

Boston, P.J. 2008. Extremophiles and life on other planets (Chapter). In, The Seventy Great Mysteries of the Natural World. Thames & Hudson, Ltd., London, UK. Pp. 171-173. Released Oct 26 2008.

Boston, P.J., Frederick, R.D., Welch, S.M., Werker, J., Meyer, T.R., Sprungman, B., Hildreth-Werker, V., Thompson, S.L. 2004. Extraterrestrial Subsurface Technology Test Bed: Human Use and Scientific Value of Martian Caves. Space Tech. & Applic. Forum 2003 Proc.. AIP #654. Amer. Inst. of Physics, College Park, MD.

Boston, P.J., Ivanov, M.V., and McKay, C.P. 1992. On the possibility of chemosynthetic ecosystems in subsurface habitats on Mars. Icarus 95:300-308.

Boston, P.J., Spilde, M.N., Northup, D.E., Melim, L.A., Soroka, D.S., Kleina, L.G., Lavoie, K.H., Hose, L.D., Mallory, L.M., Dahm, C.N., Crossey, L.J., and Schelble, R.T. 2001. Cave biosignature suites: Microbes, minerals and Mars. Astrobiology Journal 1(1):25-55.

Brantley, S.R., 1994. Volcanoes of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey General Interest Publication. ?URL: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volcus/

Cushing, G.E., Titus, T.N., Wynne, J.J., and Christensen, P.R. 2007. THEMIS observes possible cave skylights on Mars. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34(17):L17201.

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Greeley, R. 1994. Planetary Landscapes. 2nd Edition. Chapman & Hall, London, UK. 286 pp.

Greeley, R. and Hyde, J.H. 1972. Lava Tubes of the Cave Basalt, Mount St. Helens, Washington. GSA Bulletin 83(8):2397-2418.

Grin, E.A., Cabrol, N.A. and Mckay, C.P. 1998. Caves in the Martian Regolith and Their Significance for Exobiology Exploration. Abstract. 29th Annual NASA Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston, Texas.

Halliday, W.R. and Larson, C.J. 1983. Ape Cave. ABC Printing & Publishing, Vancouver, WA. 24 pp.

Howarth, F.G. 1981. Community structure and niche differentiation in Hawaiian lava tubes. Island Ecosystems: Biological Organization in Selected Hawaiian Communities 15:318-336.

Hyde, J. H., and Greeley, Ronald, 1973. Geological field trip guide, Mount St. Helens lava tubes, Washington, in Geologic field trips in northern Oregon and southern Washington: Oregon Dept. Geol. and Mineral Indus. Bull. 77, p. 183-206, 24 figs.

Lazzarini, A., Cavaletti, L., Toppo, G., and F. Marinelli. 2000. Rare genera of actinomycetes as potential producers of new antibiotics. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology 78, 99-405.

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Northup, D.E. and Lavoie, K.H. 2001. Geomicrobiology of caves: A review. Geomicrobiology Journal, 18(3):199-222.

Northup, D.E. and Welbourn, W.C. 1997. Life in the twilight zone: Lava tube ecology. New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources Bulletin 156, 69-82.

Northup, D.E., Connolly, C.A., Trent, A., Spilde, M.N., Boston, P.J., Peck, V., Natvig, D.O., 2004. Studies of bacterial communities from Four Windows Cave, El Malpais National Monument, New Mexico. J. Cave Karst Stud. 66(3), 111.

Northup, D.E., Connolly, C.A., Trent, A., Peck, V.M., Spilde, M.N., Welbourn, W.C. and D.O. Natvig. 2008. The Nature of bacterial communities in Four Windows Cave, El Malpais National Monument, New Mexico, USA. AMCS Bulletin 19, 119-125.

Oberbeck, V.R., Quaide, W.L., & Greeley, R.. 1969. On the Origin of Lunar Sinuous Rilles, Mod. Geol. 1:75-80.

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Robinson, E. 2003. Draft report backs lava tube theory of breach. Columbian, Jan. 2, 2003. Vancouver, WA.

Robinson, E. 2006. Swift power canal begins producing electricity again. Columbian, Feb. 22, 2006. Vancouver, WA.

Ryll, T. 2002. Swift Power Canal fortified for winter. Columbian, Oct. 4, 2002. Vancouver, WA. Snider, J.R., Goin, C., Miller, R.V., Boston, P.J. and Northup, D.E. 2009. Ultraviolet radiation sensitivity in cave bacteria: Evidence of adaptation to the subsurface? Int. J. Speleology 38(1):1-12.

Staley, J. T., & Crawford, R. 1975. The biologist's chamber: lava tube slime. Cascade Caver 14, 20-21.

Tilling, R.I., Topinka, L., and Swanson, D.A., 1990. The Eruptions of Mount St. Helens: Past, Present, and Future: U.S. Geological Survey General Interest Publication. ?URL: http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/MSH/Publications/MSHPPF/

Image Credits: Unless otherwise noted, all illustrations and photographs on this Website were created by Gus Frederick.